AP Human Geography: Political Patterns. Because of this "friction," spatial … Ethnic Cleansing. College Board’s Advanced Placement® Program (AP®) enables willing and academically prepared students to pursue college-level studies—with the opportunity to earn college credit, advanced placement, or both—while still in high school. Centripetal forces bring people together. The United Nations have created programs and campaigns to bring awareness to statelessness and to pressure states to help these populations. Spanish word for neighborhood; barriozation - the dramatic increase in Hispanic population in a given neighborhood. Although the term itself did not come into wide use until after World War II, the general concept of a shatterbelt appeared in the writings of political geographers several decades earlier. brookiecookie01. Today it refers to a "common language" a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce, places in which more than one language is spoken, in multilingual countries the language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government, when parts of two languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary, A language used between native speakers of different languages to allow them to communicate so that they can trade with each other, Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites, index used to measure how diverse a country’s languages are. traditionally, an area within a city where an ethnic group lives, either by choice or by force. If so, you understand how completely frustrating it can be. STUDY. Maybe you found you both spoke the same second-language, a language learned after learning your native language. View (active tab) Flashcards; Learn; Scatter; Printer Friendly. https://youtu.be/VGMFRxzvHPs Need help studying?! boundary. Not all free-response questions on this page reflect the current exam, but the question types and the topics are similar, Culturally Defined ... was a shatterbelt between Soviet Union and Western Europe Shatterbelt . This AP Human Geography study guide is going to seek to describe the concept of devolution through the lens of the contemporary political-territorial world order. Through AP courses in 38 subjects, each culminating in a challenging PLAY. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. AP Human Geography Test: Cultural Patterns & Processes ... Linguistic diversity. Friction of Distance-is based on the notion that distance usually requires some amount of effort, money, and/or energy to overcome. a measure of the perceived degree of social separation between individuals, ethnic groups, neighborhoods, or other groupings; the voluntary or enforced segregation of two or more distinct social groups for most activities. Cultural Geography Historic Cultures Indigenous cultures shaped, and were shaped by, the geography of Australia and Oceania. AP Human Geography Unit 3 Vocabulary (87 terms) Tools. Students learn that political patterns reflect ideas about how Earth's surface should be organized and affect a wide range of activities and understandings. Shatterbelts in the Middle East and Africa emerged in the latter 20th century due to the collapse of imperialism, and the subsequent devolution of structures of governance to multiple independent states, most of which had never existed prior to the collapse of colonial authority. use to exist but is no longer recognized as an official boundary and therefore no longer formally defended or delimited. Language and its Influence on Human Geography. 292571017: Race: Identification with a group of people decended from a common … Terms in this set (37) balance of power . Check out more AP Human Geo reviews on the subject page! Politically organized territory (permanent population, economy), … Cultural Shatterbelt: a politically unstable region where differing cultural elements come into contact and conflict. Effective . Primary tabs. the spatial separation of specific population sub-groups within a wider population. the unique way in which each culture uses its particular physical environment; those aspects of culture that serve to provide the necessities of life--- food, clothing, shelter, and defense. people of different backgrounds come to see themselves as part of a larger … 00762-133-CED-Human-Geo_FM.indd 3/14/19 9:36 PM languages from the indo-european family. a group of people who share a common ancestry and cultural tradition, often living as a minority in a larger society. AP Human Geography Unit 3. The southern part of the country was dominated by people who were Christian or Administs beliefs, … The following guide will be updated periodically with hyperlinks to excellent resources. A Shatterbelt is a region in the world where persistent splintering and fracturing take place and major world powers compete for influence. Question 13 Explanation: The correct answer is (C). Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. AP® Human Geography Teacher’s Guide Paul T. Gray, Jr. Russellville High School Russellville, Arkansas Gregory M. Sherwin Adlai E. Stevenson High School Lincolnshire, Illinois of a culture, object of natural or cultural significance, creations and abstract ideas that are not embodied in physical objects, culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits, step of the system analysis to further define the nature and slope of the project and identify the company, traditional building style of different cultures, religions and places. Article shared by: ADVERTISEMENTS: Language has been defined as “the expression of ideas by means of speech-sounds combined into words” by English phonetician and language- scholar Henry Sweet. Shatterbelt A region of persistent political fragmentation due to devolution and centrifugal forces. The term has been applied by political geographers to a number of places since the SecondWorldWar, especially East Central Europe, but also … Changing attributes of place affiliation or identify within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture. Write. a zone of great cultural complexity containing many small cultural groups. Maybe you could create some kind of other langua… Not all free-response questions on this … Mackinder postulated the following, which became known as the Heartland Theory: Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography that is associated and deals with humans and their relationships with communities, cultures, economies, and interactions with the environment by studying their relations with and across locations. To begin with, the world's estimated 5,000 languages are spoken in the world's 200 sovereign states (or 25 languages per state), so that communication among the citizens of … Check out the NEW AP Human Geography Ultimate Review Packet! Capital city: principle city in a state or country. December 12 2020 0. shatterbelt ap human geography NEW UPDATED VIDEO! It analyzes patterns of human social interaction, their interactions with the environment, and their spatial … AP Human Geography Vocabulary Apartheid: a legal system that was the physical separation of different races into different geographic areas My definition: separation of people in South Africa based on race Example: There were apartheid laws in South Africa between around 1950 to 1994. Linguistic Geography. Unit I. Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives—Basic Vocabulary and Concepts Note: The following concepts transcend all units in AP Human Geography; they are central to all geographic thinking and analysis and could even be considered central to any definition of geography. a governmentally designated language of instruction and other official public and private communication. AP Exams are regularly updated to align with best practices in college-level learning. Spoken by half of the world's people, and includes, among others, the germanic, romance, and slavic subfamilies, a geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs, a set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used for communication, group of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin, A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary, a smaller group of related languages within a language family, a term deriving from "Frankish language" and applying to a tongue spoken in ancient Mediterranean ports that consisted of a mixture of Italian, French, Greek, Spanish, and even some Arabic. process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region. Read through the following mini-case studies to explore how multilingual states deal with conflicts and languages. Sudan. Creole. invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. Isogloss . In the context of human geography, please note that term terms state and country are synonymous and are used interchangeably. a sizable area inhabited by an ethnic minority that exhibits a strong sense of attachment to the region and often exercises some measure of political and social control over it. Kosovo’s independence in the latter year indicates that shatterbelts will remain volatile regions well into the 21st century. 1. Language Group. Mackinder's paper suggested that the control of Eastern Europe was vital to control of the world. COURSE AND EXAM DESCRIPTION. Further, he says, “Words are combined into sentences, this combination answering to that of ideas into thoughts.” Another definition … the difference of average expected life spans between different groups of people, nations, or races, the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to the pregnancy, language that begun as pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in place of the mother tongue. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Unit 7: POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY (Ch.8) The study of human political organization ... language, an ethnicity, etc. Test. Study political organization at three scales: Supranational (Organizations that transcends national boundaries) National (country) Subnational (states/local) Political Geography . Match. Australia and Oceania’s physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately. Auxiliary language derived, with reduced vocab and simplified structure of other languages. Results from geographic place change. Cultural clashes. Shatterbelt: a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals (e.g., Israel or Kashmir today; Eastern Europe during the Cold War,…). standard language. Cultural Shatterbelt. AP Human Geography Chapter 8 Terms. AP Human Geography Chapter 7 Vocab. 01 / 05. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Unit 7: POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY (Ch.8) The study of human political organization of the earth. Almost the entire population of what are today Albania and Kosovo were converted to Islam, and significant numbers were converted in portions of modern-day Bosnia and Bulgaria as well. In AP® Human Geography, unit 4 covers political geography. 292571016: Ethnicity: The identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. There are many stateless nations around the world. a ethnic group surrounded by another ethnic group. Have you ever tried to communicate with someone who doesn't speak your language? local or regional characteristics of a language. 29. identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor. Balkanization (A) is the breakdown of a state, often violently, into separate … A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning. Ap Human Geography Unit 4 Terms questionState answerDefinition: An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign From the 16th century to the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire controlled large swaths of the Balkans at various times, and imposed Islamic culture on many of the peoples under its rule. D. Religious differences. The concepts of political geography and the state are important to understand when we discuss centripetal and centrifugal forces, because they may affect the future of a country. isolated language. A synonymous phrase is “crush zone.” Shatterbelts sometimes serve as buffer zones between hostile states or empires, and historically have played an important role in geopolitics. The Kurds, Tibet, and Native American nations are few examples of stateless nations. Created by. Definition of a ‘boundary’ –Vertical plane that cuts through the subsoil and the airspace above, divided one state territory from another Therefore, we aren’t just talking about the signs we see that separate states; we are talking about airspace, water, minerals, resources, etc. AP ® Human Geography. process in which more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a … Compounding this complex ethnic geography was the presence of large non-Slavic Christian minorities like the Hungarians and Germans, especially in those portions of the region that fell within the borders of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and many other groups scattered throughout the peninsula. All the other answers are centrifugal forces. As you are reviewing for this unit, focus on the key concepts! Fall 2019. beginning of content: Free-Response Questions. The vocabulary list is structured according to the course outline found in the most recent AP® Human Geography Course Description published by the College Board. Pidgin. the adoption of cultural traits such as a language, the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another, new people adapt to the culture of the previously existing people, core-periphery idea that houses main economic power of a region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties, geographic approach that emphasizes human-environmental relationships, belief in belonging to a group or central cultural aspect, the visible imprint of human activity and culture on a landscape, all the knowledge and values shared by a community, an idea that changes a culture is accepted, the seeking out of a regional culture and reinvigoration of it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world, defined by geographer, Edward Ralph, as the loss of uniqueness of a place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the rest, the process by which people in a local place mediate and alter regional, national, and global processes, the process by which something is given monetary value, with respect to popular culture, when people in a place start to produce an aspect of popular culture themselves, strategies that make people adapt to the prevailing culture, an American, whose language and ancestry are English, the look of housing, affected by the availability of materials, the environment the house is in, and the popular culture at the time, part of the physical landscape that represents material culture; landscape created by humans, cultural traits of usually small, traditional communities, traditionally sung by common people of a region and forms part of their culture, unwritten lore (stories, poems, etc.) city-state. Political Geography Before we can discuss devolution, we need to understand the concepts of political geography, which involves states, territories, and boundaries, which are all interrelated and vital to the study of AP Human … Learn. The splitting of a state due to a difference in ethnicity, linguistics, religion, or culture This region has been functionally a shatterbelt for at least 500 years, as it has been geographically sandwiched between more powerful states that attempted to control part or all of the territory. to admit to the privileges of a citizen and especially to the right of suffrage; to admit (a municipality) to political privileges or rights. Gravity. Ex. The relationship between a state’s geographic shape, size, relative location and its political situation. Electoral geography: Gerrymandering: Majority-minority districts : Nationalism: Devolution: when a central government gives some power to a regional or ethnic group ex. Copy this to my account; E-mail to a friend ; Find other activities; Start over; Help; A B; acculturation: the process by which a culture is transformed due to the massive adoption of cultural traits from another society: assimilation: the process through which people lose originally differentiating traits: built environment: the … AP Human Geography Section I TIME: 60 minutes 75 multiple-choice questions (Answer sheets appear in the back of this book.) In a more modern context, shatterbelts often hold what Samuel Huntington has described as “civilizational fault lines,” a key concept in his “clash of civilizations” thesis. Today, in the United States, the term typically indicated an impoverished African-American urban neighborhood. AP Human Geography: Unit 3 Vocab questionAcculturation answerAdapting SOME of the traits of the more influential culture. a language substantially uniform with respect to spelling, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary and representing the approved community norm of the tongue. Study of the character and spatal pattern of dialects and languages of a speech community. Shapes of States . Bilingualism as the Norm According to "The Handbook of Bilingualism," "Bilingualism—more generally, multilingualism—is a major fact of life in the world today. Regions classified as shatterbelts are characterized by states or territories that have a large degree of ethnic, linguistic, and/or religious diversity, and a history of antagonism and hostility between the groups living there, and can result from the balkanization of larger political entities. Did you manage to communicate? Space Time Compression-The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation system. questionAssimilation answerAdopting … a society combining ethnic contrasts; each group holds by its own religion, its own culture and language, its own ideas and ways. Quizlet.com Balkanization: Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its … in the context of arranged marriages in India, disputes over the price to be paid by the family o the bride to the father of the groom have, in some extreme cases, led to the death of the bride. A majority of the Slavic-speaking peoples in the region retained their Christian religious identity, but they too were divided into Roman Catholics (Slovenes, Croatians) or Orthodox Christians (Serbs, Montenegrins, Macedonians, Bulgarians) whose relationships were frequently antagonistic. Shatterbelt a region caught between stronger colliding external cultural-political forces, under persistent stress, and often fragmented by aggressive rivals AP Human Geography connection: The vocabulary from the third unit of the course AP Human Geography, Culture. Directions: Each of the following questions is followed by five suggested answers or completions. AP Human Geography – Vocabulary Lists . Basic Concepts . A region of persistent political fragmentation due to devolution and centrifugal forces. Palestinians, Kurds, Armenians in Turkey Nation . the attitude that one's own race and culture are superior to others. Mapped boundary line marking the limits of linguistic features. a sovereign state comprising … The term has been applied by political geographers to a number of places since the SecondWorldWar, especially East Central Europe, but also SoutheastAsia, the Middle East, and Africa. AP Exams are regularly updated to align with best practices in college-level learning. The classic example of a shatterbelt is southeastern Europe, especially the Balkan Peninsula. condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. Before we look at forces that can divide or unite a country, let’s review the concepts of political geography and the state. E. Uneven development. Breif and detailed informations about geographic terms. Flashcards. teachnology, ecology, demography, and economics, that define human behavior . Adaptive Strategy. Assimilation. AP Human Geography Past Exam Questions Print this page. Examples and Observations . the Welsh in the U.K. (map pg. Spell. descriptions of the various ethnic groups that make up a given population or area. Political geography is how humans define and co… All the following have been considered new industrial countries EXCEPT This refined shatterbelt definition offers advantages when contrasted to the traditional definition of the term. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire afterWorldWar I, the subsequent creation of Yugoslavia, and four decades of the Cold War only temporarily subsumed the turbulent character of this shatterbelt, as witnessed by the violent birth of seven new countries, most of which had never been independent previously, between 1991 and 2008. a voluntary community where people of like origin reside by choice. Select the best answer choice. Did you require someone to translate for you? Countries that have multiple languages along boundaries and within populated areas can bring many disputes and conflicts within a region. C. National songs and symbols. Language developed from a pidgin to become the native tongue of a … Below you will find a collection of resources … the social differences between men and women rather than the anatomical differences that are related to sex. Terms in this set (20) Acculturation. Terms : Hide Images. A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. Note: The following concepts transcend all units in AP Human Geography; they are central to all geographic thinking and analysis and could even be considered central to any definition of geography. Unit I. Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives—Basic Vocabulary and Concepts . Chapter 8 Key Issue 1 of The Cultural Landscape by James M. Rubenstein as presented by Andrew Patterson. Question Answer; ... Creole Language: A language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in place of the mother tongue. This section of the course introduces students to the nature and significance of the political organization of territory at different scales. Boundaries in shatterbelts tend to be fluid and often contested, due to the fact that such political divisions frequently cross cultural regions, splitting ethnic groups between two or more countries. Sir Halford John Mackinder was a British geographer who wrote a paper in 1904 called "The Geographical Pivot of History." No products in the cart. the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture. AP COURSE AND EXAM DESCRIPTIONS ARE UPDATED PERIODICALLY Please visit AP Central (apcentral.collegeboard.org) to determine whether a more recent course and exam description is available. Sudan was a country that ended up splitting in to Sudan and South Sudan in 2011, after the Heglig Crisis, due to cultural conflicts. a zone of great cultural complexity containing many small cultural groups. Linguistic geography definition is - local or regional variations of a language or dialect studied as a field of knowledge —called also dialect geography.